Yay, we've finished these structures and it's time to review.
We've looked at some of the different types of adverb clauses and their related structures. Let's do a review of those structures before we apply them to our writing.
Before I give the chart, do you remember why you want to learn it?
You need to learn it so that you can take the least sophisticated structures and add the sophisticated structures. The least sophisticated are the 3 on the left: fanboys, transitions and adverb clauses. The most sophisticated structures on the ones on the right: move a transition, reducing, adverb phrases or other.
Okay, now to the chart.
Fanboys Transitions Adv. Clauses Move a Transition Reducing Adv. Phrase/Other
cause for x because x yes because of
since due to
as
due to the fact that
effect so therefore do later yes yes as a result of
as a result as a consequence of
unexpected
result
but/yet however even though yes yes despite
nevertheless although in spite of
though
despite the fact that
in spite of the fact that
comparison/
contrast
but in contrast while/whereas yes no compared to
in comparison to/with
in contrast to/with
unlike
Now, let's remind ourselves of the grammar of each structure:
1.FANBOYS. Sentence, fanboys Sentence.
Note: The comma is optional is the first sentence is short. How would I define short? If the sentence doesn't go to the second line in typing.
2.TRANSITIONS. Sentence. Transition, Sentence.
3.ADVERB CLAUSES
The position is before or after a sentence. If the adverb clauses is before a sentence, you need a comma after the clause. If the adverb clause is after a sentence, you normally don't need a comma except in the case of while/whereas.
4.MOVE A TRANSITION.
When you move the transition to the middle of the sentence where we tend to move it, you need 2 commas: one before the transition and one after the transition. If the transition is at the end of the sentence, you need a comma before the transition.
5.REDUCING.
You can reduce 2 sentences with the same subject and adverb clauses with the same subject.
Reduce 2 sentences.
To reduce 2 sentences, make sure you have the same subjects.
Then you need to look at TO BE (am/is/are/was/were) or NOT BE. A. Simple tense = ing B. Perfect = having + past participle
Then put a comma where the period is.
Reduce adverb clauses.
Make sure you have the same subject.
Then you need to look at TO BE (am/is/are/was/were) or NOT BE. A. Simple tense = ing B. Perfect = having + past participle
Keep or delete the word that begins the adverb clause.
Keep: before/since (time) and although/though/even though
delete: as (for time and reason), because, since (reason), due to the fact that
doesn't matter: when/while
weird ones: as soon as = delete and add on or upon
after + ing/having + past participle or after having + past particple
6.ADVERB PHRASE OR OTHER.
Adverb phrase: You need the noun. (Choose the noun for the most important word in the sentence).
You need something before that noun. (If a person, use his/her/their or possessive noun like John's and If not a person, use a, an or the).
If you have anything left over, add who/which or that if you have a verb. If not, just add a preposition.
Other: See the strong contrast post for grammar.
So that's a quick review of all the structures and in the next post we will practice them before we apply them to our writing.